Lunar Resources | Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2025)

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Volume 89, Number 1

December 2023

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Research Article| December 01, 2023

Ian A. Crawford;

Ian A. Crawford

Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK

Centre for Planetary Sciences at UCL/Birkbeck, London, UK

i.crawford@bbk.ac.uk

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Mahesh Anand;

Mahesh Anand

Planetary and Space Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, UK

Dept. of Earth Science, The Natural History Museum, London, UK

mahesh.anand@open.ac.uk

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Simeon Barber;

Simeon Barber

Planetary and Space Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, UK

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Aidan Cowley;

Aidan Cowley

European Space Agency, European Astronaut Centre, Linder Höhe, Cologne, Germany

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Sarah Crites;

Sarah Crites

Dept. of Solar System Science, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan

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Wenzhe Fa;

Wenzhe Fa

Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China

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Jessica Flahaut;

Jessica Flahaut

Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, France

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Lisa R. Gaddis;

Lisa R. Gaddis

Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX, USA

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Ben Greenhagen;

Ben Greenhagen

Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA

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Junichi Haruyama;

Junichi Haruyama

Dept. of Solar System Science, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan

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Dana Hurley;

Dana Hurley

Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA

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Claire L. McLeod;

Claire L. McLeod

Dept. of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA

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Andrew Morse;

Andrew Morse

Planetary and Space Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, UK

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Clive R. Neal;

Clive R. Neal

Dept of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA

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Hannah Sargeant;

Hannah Sargeant

Planetary and Space Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, UK

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Elliot Sefton-Nash;

Elliot Sefton-Nash

European Space Agency, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

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Romain Tartèse

Romain Tartèse

Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

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Author and Article Information

Ian A. Crawford

Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK

Centre for Planetary Sciences at UCL/Birkbeck, London, UK

Mahesh Anand

Planetary and Space Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, UK

Dept. of Earth Science, The Natural History Museum, London, UK

Simeon Barber

Planetary and Space Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, UK

Aidan Cowley

European Space Agency, European Astronaut Centre, Linder Höhe, Cologne, Germany

Sarah Crites

Dept. of Solar System Science, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan

Wenzhe Fa

Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China

Jessica Flahaut

Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, France

Lisa R. Gaddis

Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX, USA

Ben Greenhagen

Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA

Junichi Haruyama

Dept. of Solar System Science, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan

Dana Hurley

Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA

Claire L. McLeod

Dept. of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA

Andrew Morse

Planetary and Space Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, UK

Clive R. Neal

Dept of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA

Hannah Sargeant

Planetary and Space Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, UK

Elliot Sefton-Nash

European Space Agency, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

Romain Tartèse

Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

i.crawford@bbk.ac.uk

mahesh.anand@open.ac.uk

Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America

First Online: 04 Dec 2023

Copyright © 2023 by the Mineralogical Society of America

Mineralogical Society of America

Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2023) 89 (1): 829–868.

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First Online:

04 Dec 2023

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Ian A. Crawford, Mahesh Anand, Simeon Barber, Aidan Cowley, Sarah Crites, Wenzhe Fa, Jessica Flahaut, Lisa R. Gaddis, Ben Greenhagen, Junichi Haruyama, Dana Hurley, Claire L. McLeod, Andrew Morse, Clive R. Neal, Hannah Sargeant, Elliot Sefton-Nash, Romain Tartèse; Lunar Resources. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2023;; 89 (1): 829–868. doi: https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2023.89.19

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It has long been recognised (e.g., Ehricke 1985; Spudis 1996, 2016; Duke et al. 2006; Benaroya 2010; Kornuta et al. 2019) that the Moon has the potential to play a pivotal role in the development of a future space-faring civilisation. Indeed, as noted by Duke et al. (2006) in their chapter on the “Development of the Moon” in the first edition of this book (Jolliff et al. 2006a; hereinafter NVM I), the Moon can be viewed as a natural supply station in Earth orbit bearing raw materials that will assist in humanity’s...

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Index Terms/Descriptors

  • Apollo Program
  • Apollo 11
  • electrolysis
  • exploration
  • ilmenite
  • KREEP
  • Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
  • lunar samples
  • major elements
  • metal ores
  • mineral resources
  • minor elements
  • Moon
  • oxides
  • reduction
  • remote sensing
  • South Pole-Aitken Basin
  • surface water
  • trace elements
  • volatiles
  • lunar resources

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