6 The EVENING OBSERVER Published Every Weekday Evening by the DUNKIRK PRINTING OOMPANTJ Gerald Williams President Henry K. Williams Vice Qen. Mgr. Wallace A. Brennan Editor Herbert O.
Schwartz Secretary, City Editor MacLeod WlUlams News Editor, Asst. Treas. Herman Cutler Advertising Manager OFFICE; Sand 10 E. SECOND Phone 23Z6 Member of New York State Publishers Association Member of United Preii Association Member of Audit Bureau of Circulation BURKE, KDIPERS MAHONEX INC. New York 1203 Graybar Bldg.
Chicago, III 203 N. Wabash Ave. Atlanta, Ga Rhodes-Havcrty Bldg. National Advertising Representatives Entered at Dunkirk Post Office qs'second class mall matter Subscription Rates by mall routes In Chautauqua county $8.75 per year; In postal zones 1, 2 and 3, all other zones by carrier 30c per week- single copy 5c. ON SALE AT All newsstands In Dunkirk and Frcdonla and Cassadaga: Owen's, Brocton; Hough's, Portland; Hoyt's, Westfleld; Smith's, Silver Creek; Foster's, Forestviile; Andy Abraham, Van Burcn; Nasca Red Whito Store, Laona; Wayside Camp, Sheridan, N.
Y. SATURDAY, AUGUST 1949 Retrospective Items of Local Interest From OBSERVER Files Point of View By Bruce Biossat Preparing, for the Next Campaign TWENTY YEARS AGO-- 1329 'Red Square" boiler, product of the newly formed Dunkirk Radiator corporation, Is on display In the windows of the W. W. Heppell company office. The Martha Owned by W.
T. Babb of Fredonia, left the local harbor this morning for Erie, where she will fish for the Keystone Fish company of that city for the remainder of the season. The committee In charge of arrangements for a card party which will be held by Dunkirk Review, W. A. is Mrs.
Joseoh Buck, Mrs. Edward Trill, Mrs. Paul Flahaven, Mrs. Edward Long. A check for $234.20 was recsi 1 ed today by Chief John J.
Warren as the. city's share of the dog license fees for the year of Evelyn Draves of ove street has gone- to Pittsburgh for a visit with friends and 1 a- tlves. Mrs. Fred Stelnheuser of Dove street Is spending a few days In Geneva, O. FORTY YEARS AGO--1909 Raymond W.
Cross died suddenly in Buffalo He was married three weeks ago to. Miss Bessie Magee, daughter of Mr. a Mrs. Charles C. Magee of East Fourth street.
WORTH EVERY CENT OF IT The trustees of the village of Fredonia were wondering the other night whether the money spent for recreation was a wise expenditure. Their attention centered particularly on the items of $2.50 each paid umpires at the. ball games. Whether or not Fredonia continues to spend money on recreation is a matter for Fredonia to determine, but we feel uncontrollably impelled to defend -the idea of paying umpires $2.50 per game or as much more as the village taxpayers can afford. This is a hazardous calling and honest umpires, if any, are entitled to that much to keep them honest.
It was just the other day that an umpire was carried off the field after being hit by a pop bottle. Had the fans been more accurate he might have been hit by 962 pop bottles, for that number was thrown and with deadly intent. Nothing.as disorderly as that can ever happen in the peaceful, law-abiding village of Fredonia, but even there the fans have been known to hurl invective which is bruising to an umpire's sensibilities and for which he ought to be compensated. An umpire must be a man of superhuman endurance to take even the good- natured shafts from the sidelines. We hope the streak of economy which marked the village board meeting the other night will spend its force before there is any drastic reduction in the wages of umpires.
Let the umpire have his two dollars and fifty cents. At present day prices that will provide only five shots of that liquid restorative for his lascerat- ed self-respect as, in postgame retrospection, he morosely recalls the number of times his ancestry was attacked the contest. BACK TO THE ORIGINAL PURPOSE As the time for the annual Community Chest drive approaches it might be well to recall the original purpose of the chest. It was designed, first, to offer some form of supervision and editing of various; organizational budgets, and, secondly, to consolidate all community wide fund raising efforts into a single drive. This double purpose would result in economy for the givers inasmuch as a reliable auditing committee would see ttfat organizational requests would not be excessive, economy of energy for the solicitors who would not be called on again and again, and economy of time in the factories and business establishments where workers would be annoyed only once a year.
While the Chest has worked very well in this respect its record is by no means perfect. Several organizations continue to ran their drives separately. Exceptions permitted from time to time have increased the number of drives. The Chest idea is generally endorsed because it is a'step in the right direction, but it is by no means a complete step. We hope those organizations which have been withdrawn from the chest can be induced to return, that budgets will be closely scrutinized, arid that exceptions will be granted for special drives in the future.
If the Chest drive were more widely inclusive the total budget might be greater but the additional and independent solicitations would be elminated. A MAN IN Illinois ate four pounds of spaghetti in 15 minutes. If laid end to end he never could have sprinted it in that time. I TWO BOYS ARRESTED for swindling said their father had trained them. Gyps off the old block.
A PUMP was turned into a grain scale by an eastern farmer. Where there's a well there's a weigh. AN OKLAHOMA YOUTH was arrested for yelling at policemen. Perhaps he just had hay fever. THE HOME GROAN of garden work is about over and we're now enjoying the home grown.
FIRE DESTROYED 17 streetcars in Cincinnati. usually the riders who are burned up. Henry Ford belie-ves wealth makes successful men fled. He calls It "a curious phase of human nature." Woman reaches her zenith of beauty In September; man appears his handsomest in Decm- ber, according to Helena beauty authority. THIRTY YEARS AGO-- 1919 A serious railroad car shortage, throughout the country is leading to another big coal shortage this winter.
The present half hourly service through the entire day of trolley cars running to Point Oral- lot will be discontinued the ic! of this month. Afternoon and evening service will be continued for a time from 2 to 10 In the evening. The Stars and Stripes defeated the Alco Reserves in a double bill on the Lincoln avenue grounds. Batteries for the victors were Hollander, Mehes, Koepke and Dobrinski and lor the opposing team McCarthy, Dobrinski, Kelly and Davis. Twelve hundred and fifty persons were- saved from drowning last year by the U.
S. coast service. Personal Mention Mrs. Albert Bremer is visiting relatives In Auburn. Le Roy J.
Smith, who been the guest of his brother, Homer H. Smith, has returned to New York city. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Fltzpatrlck arc visiting relatives In Horncll.
R. Westervelt, local manager for the Bell Telephone company, has been promoted to the plant department of the company with headquarters at Elmlra. He will be succeeded here by George Bernard of Elmira. The crowd at the County Fair today exceeds all expectations. Yesterday the entries were judged and today' all tags and ribbons are In place.
The balloon ascension had to be postponed because of the high wind. The work- of mapping the old Fredonia cemetery and recording the names of those buried there is being done by Engineer Wilder and Ray Lovelee. Less than half of the 1,700 graves have been marked. Congressman E. B.
Vreeland has written to O. Mulhollanrt, president of the board of trade, that he will be here next week personally to examine Into the harbor situations. FIFTY YEARS AGO--1899 G. M. Kinner, who has been an independent shipper of grapes for a number of years, will handle many carloads of grapes this year beginning next week.
Twelve steel arches fell in Chicago, causing the collapse of the Coliseum building and crushing out of several lives. Cornelius Desmond, an Dunkirk boy who was in the class of '80 in the Dunkirk High school and who has been connected with the Lake Shore freighthouse at Toledo, is visiting here. The 10th annual reunion of the Scott family Is being held today at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Rider In Washington avenue.
Ninety three relatives are present. Governor Roosevelt Is speaking this week at the Cattaraugus and Hornellsville County Fairs. These Days By George Sokolsky THE SOCIALIST experiment In Great Britain is a failure. It might be asked why communism has succeeded in Soviet Russia--If success is measured by the production of goods and the rise in the standard of living-and yet socialism in Great Britain has failed in four years. Many answers can be offered tentatively.
No one is so smart that he can without doubt explain a -great historical situation while It is still In the process of developing. Yet I shall try my hand at it tentatively. IN ZJHE FIRST place, Russia, In 1917, was not a capitalist country. Only in a few areas had the Industrial revolution made any impression on a feudal or evr-n a pre feudal economy. Even so, Lenin, encountered difficulties; for a time he abandoned socialism, establishing the new economic policy (NEP) which gave him a breathing spell.
After Lenin's death, Stalin established not only an economic out a political and social dictatorship which reduced the people to slavery to the state. Any form of socialism requires an elimination of human liberty. In Great Britain, it has been necessary to recede from capitalism to socialism without limiting human freedom. Therefore, the government cannot enforce its will in a free society. Labor performs as It chooses.
No British authority dares to impose such a'speed up as Strak- hanovism represents in Russia. And no government in England dares to call a strike a counterrevolution and It cannot i strikers. Furthermore, the-British have no way of exporting goods to such an extent as the Russians did in the 1920s from the Ukraine, permitting millions of human beings to starve to death. FURTHER, Russia in 1917 had so low a standard of living, some areas even nomadic, that any rise phenomenal Great Britain in 1938 was on a vfery high standard of from which it has been steadily receding, during the war because of It; since the war, by socialist austerity. Therefore, the Russian is actually better off under Stalin, whereas the average Britisher is worse off under socialism.
Soviet Russia can live It Is false to say that Russia is self sufficient any more than the United States is. sufflcient. But such countries as the United States and Soviet Russia can manage to -care for themselves under the most adverse conditions For instance, during the war, the United States ran short of raw rubber but was able to produce synthetic rubber because of of ample coal and petroleum 1 l-i fact, if this country had to uss alcohol for the manufacture of synthetic rubber, it would have ample grain for that Russia can be in a similar situation with similar results if her industry is adequately developed. SUCH countries as Great Britain and Japan must always oe ia difficulties because they have to import food products and raw materials, of which they possess too little. From the time of Queen Elizabeth to World War 1, Grea' solved that prob lem by a rising economic and political imperialism.
This Involved a world wide export- import trade, always in Britain's favor. This made the pound sterling the safest money in the world and Great Britain richest country. Two wars ended the economic empire and seriously weakened the political empire. The pound sterling Jost its preeminence and the can dollar took its place. The British can only obtain ample dollars to maintain their industries and their standard oil living by two means 1.
To the dollars from the Unltod States for nothing (lend lease British loan, Marshall plan; o- 2. To export huge quantities of goods competitively priced. BOTH INVOLVE difficulties. Any give- away program sooner or later reach an ond Psychologically, it. produces antagonisms between giver a "i taker, the giver feeling that he being gypped; the taker, feel- Ing that he is not being given enough.
The export dumping operation involves a devaluation of currency which may be politically embarrassing in free country. The British socialists have resorted to barter which cannot work successfully unless a country has a monopoly a much wanted commodity. I would say that these comparisons explain somewhat the essential differences between the Russian and the British problems. So They Say I thought it was about time somebody did something about housing the guy who makes $50 a wsek. The building Industry told me It couldn't be done, so I decided to find out for myself.
--Federal Housing Expediter Tl Woods, after having a hcuse built to sell $6750. We (Yugoslavia) are not in the Soviet orbit. We are not sat- ellzed. We are Independent and have our own type of socialist state. --Sava N.
Kosanovltch, Yugoslav ambassador to the U. S. The cold war is a kind of wager. Each of the two competitors Is betting that he can make his own way of life so manifestly superior to his rival's that all mankind is bound to become his customer and thereby put the rival firm out of business. --Historian Arnold J.
Toynbee. MAJ. GEN. ALDEN H. WAITT suspended chief of the Army Chemical corps, now has confirmed by his own Senate committee testimony that he dictated a secret memorandum brand- Ing as incompetent eight men who were eligible to succeed him.
He says he prepared this document in the office of James V. Hunt, alleged peddler of Influence among government officials. It was turned over to Maj. Gen. Harry Vaughan, President Truman's military aide, presumably for the guidance of the President in picking a successor.
Waltt declares this memo was his "honest evaluation" of his subordinates. But it was in vio- lent contrast to the praiseworthy accounts he set forth In official Army "fitness" reports on same officers. Furthermore, he says he sat as one member of an Army appointment board which recommended three officers as his successor, including two of the eight he had secretly 'criticized. This strange resort to a sort of "double entry" system of appraisal, this combination of out-ln- the-open maneuvers and behind- the-scenes techniques is perhaps the most shocking revelation yet to come out of the "five per center" inquiry in Washington. The "double entry" evidence was what led Secretary of Army Gordon Gray to suspend Waitt, and we think with good reason.
Waltt will not find it easy to convince authorities in the Department of Defense that he should ever get his old Job back Apparently that is what he wanted most another four- year term. And he may actually have been the best man for the post. But his devious methods of soliciting favorable consideration ought to have eliminated him permanently as a possibility. Of course there was more to the incident than simply Waitt's ambition to stay In office. He has confessed to the committee that he was using his influence to "expedite" a contract desired by one of Hunt's clients.
That Hunt and Vaughan were closely linked with Waitt's Job Maneuver makes It particularly questionable, for testimony has thrust them both deep in the Influence game. We cannot stop at merely deploring the activities of these wlelders of Influence. It is more Important to understand them and the atmosphere that produced them. Are we dealing here with weak figures of men? Or are we seeing the corrosive effect of power --power perhaps held too long by one group? The nation needs to know. The true story of the five per centers, set In Us full framework, may govern voters in elections to come In 1952 and beyond.
For if these are indeed the corruptions the American people might decide that Thomas Jefferson's Idea about office is pretty sound stuff. What Other Papers Say ANGLO-AMERICAN POLICIES It was known during the second world war that the United States had to play such a dominant part in defeating the Nazis that she was In danger of forget- what she owed to Britain. But the world learned with surprise a week ago that President Roosevelt announced the policy of unconditional surrender at the Casablanca conference without even consulting Britain. Explaining what happened, Mr. Churchill says, "I was ther on the spot and I.had rapidly to consider whether our position in the world would justify me in not giving support to him.
I did give support, but it was not the idea I had formed in my 'own mind. If the British cabinet had considered those around the table they would have advised against It. But working in a great alliance with our friends from across the ocean, we had to accommodate ourselves to it." Mr. Bevin, who was labor minister in Mr. Churchill's war cabinet, says he first heard of the term unconditional surrender when he read of it in the newspapers.
He agrees with many military men that the i made even modern Germans unable to criticize Hitler's battle to the death policy. On this subject Mr. Bevin is bitter. He says, "It did leave us a Germany without a law, without a constitution, without a single person with whom to and without a single Institution to grapple with the problems. It left us Germany a's a shambles." Mr.
Churchill "I don't agree unconditional surrender prolonged the war. Nazis would have forced the Germans to fight to the death Hitler had the vigor to carry on the fight as it was car- gied on to the last gasp." A rift developed sinc'e the war between Britain and the United states over the dismantling of German war plants. Once the United States favored Morgen- thau's severe plan for making Germany an agricultural nation. Mr. Churchill says he is sorry that he initialled the declaration of that policy at the Quebec conference.
Later the United States changed 'front and tried to prevent Britain dismantling a plants on the ground that they were needed for Germany's recovery. Mr. Bevin says he feels (Continued on Page Seven) FREEZER PETER EPSON'S Washington News Notebook Peron Dismissed His Foreign Minister After Evita Got Lost in the Shuffle Washington--(NEA) Dropping of Argentine Foreign Minister-Juan Atilio Bramuglla has recalled in Washington a story of how he first fell into President Peron's disfavor. It was at the Rio de Janeiro Inter-American Conference In 1947. The conference met Just when Argentine First Lady Evita Peron was returning home after her grand triumphal tour through Europe.
As her ship stopped at Rio, the Argentine delegation was instructed to arrange for her to appear before the conference and make a speech. This- was a suggestion which couldn't be refused. So session was arranged. Evita came into the hall and was cheered. Just as she was preparing to begin her speech, the presiding officer -said he felt all the delegates would want to adjourn' to the next room where-they could toast the First Lady of the Argentine.
So the doors were opened and the delegates streamed out to toss one off for Evita. They never did go back. Evita never got to make her speech. Bra- muglia, one of the Argentine delegation, got blamed for allowing It to happen, though it wasn't his fault. Johnson Today's Target Defense Secretary Louis Johnson is getting considerable "blame" for current disclosures on the activities of Washington "five percenters." Last a Johnson made a speech to the U.
S. Chamber of Commerce, saying that he would drive the sellers of influence out of the military establishment. The fact that the first case happened to hit President Truman's senior military a i merely emphasized a the armed services have not liked the way Maj. Gen. Harry Vaughan has been interfering in Pentagon affairs.
So now whispers have been started again, accusing Secretary Johnson of having ambitions for the presidency in 1952, and of being willing to Involve Truman's official family so as to discredit the President as a possible rival. Housing Problem British Embassy had quite a housing problem on Its hands arranging for the coming Washington visit of Foreign Minister Ernest Bevln and Chancellor of the Exchequer Sir a Cripps. It simply would not do to put one up at the Embassy and another at some hotel. So both had to be crowded I the Embassy, with their personal staffs. When Bevln was hero earlier this year, there many midnight conferences and much scurrying about.
It upset the usual calm of the Embassy and it schedule of the young children of Ambassador Sir Oliver a Lady Franks. This time It will be worse. Getting Things Straight Philippine President Elpldio Qulrlno got quite a talking to when he visited Washington. U. S.
loans of $75,000,000 plus $400,000,000 war damage claim payments and rehabilitation payments have helped carry the Islands since 1 liberation. Some of this dough has been used to buy stuff from the States to such an extent that the Philippines now have an unfavorable trade balance running at the rate of $30,000,000 a year These figures were shown to President Qulrlno. He was advised that he'd better do something to cut down luxury imports. U. S.
benefit war payments In April 1951. After that the Filipinos will be their own. When President Quirino protested that U. S. business firms would complain i he cut off their exports, he was told that would make no difference, and that he better get a realistic hold on his financial situation.
Czech Refugee's Plight Gen. Mikulas -Ferjencik, a. Czechoslovaklan refugee being temporarily detained on Ellis Island, Is providing U. S. Immigration authorities with a tough case.
Reason Is that the general Is being fought over by two Czechoslovaklan factions In the U. S. One says he's a good democrat and should be let in help them fight for freedom from the Communists. Tha other claims he's a Communist. When GenerarFerjenclk arrived In New York, he was met by pickets carrying signs protesting his admission.
They were carried by members of the American Slovalc League and the A 1 can. Friends Slovak Freedom. Both are groups of followers of the Rev. Dr. Joseph Tlso.
who tried to set up a pro-Nazi separatist Slovakia under Hitler's orders. Tlso was tried as a war criminal and hanged In 1947. In 1944 General Ferjencik', then a leader in the Slovak underground, went to Moscow to get help for a revolt against the Tlso puppet government. I mission failed and the failed. Ferjencik was contact man for an American Army OSS team that tried to aid the revolt.
Fourteen of them were captured and executed by the Nazis, but Ferjencik received an American decoration for his efforts to save them. At the end of the war, General Ferjencik became deputy minister of defense the first Benes government. When the Communist coup r.nme in 1948, Ferjencik resigned his post as Interior commissioner In Slovakia. He made his escape to the U. S.
zone of Germany, where he stayed for a year, then came to this country. Czech refugees now In the U. S. insist Ferjencik is a i Communist and anti-Nazi a that he should be admitted to the S. to help them flgh' for Communist -overthrow.
case will be decided by U. S. Immiifration Commissioner Watson B. Miller and by the new attorney general, J. Howard McGrath.
Businessmen'sFears By Roger W. Babson Gloucester, businessmen whom I talk tell me they are afraid of the monkey business going on in Washington and how it will effect their business. What' American Paradox? Recently one tired and ened company president a i "You know, Mr. Babson, Amor-, ica is living! in paradox in our great land of wealth a plenty, people are unemployed." replied, "Yes, I know. Our unemployed, ill housed and poorly clothed people are so well off that they are the envy of all rest of the world." For example: The Lincoln Electric Company of Cleveland recently dls- trluted upwards of $3,500,000 In Incentive payments to 1097 workers.
These payments, made possible only by individual inUla- tive, practically doubled the income of every worker. By working hard, Lincoln produced more goods at lower prices and everybody benefited. One hundred and seventy-fivp of evermore successful free enterprise experiencs like this In our country is evidence enough for me that must bo careful not to kill the goose which is laying the golden eggs. Despite all of its inadequacies, we have a system which the best in the The American paradox to me Is that our own workers, who have benefited most from the highest standard of living in world, will choose as leaders successful businessmen. Labor leaders and theoretical government planners may hold out to them promises of security but at a bare subsidence level.
Why do our people act so foolishly? Where Business Failed Too many of our business leaders have been phenomenally successful in commercial activities, hut miserable-failures as public relations men. The.y have lacked good two way- communication with their employees "and with their communities. Business has not sold itself. The greatest danger to business today is not the spurious "something for nothing" philo- ophy our government has sold the people. That kind of misinformation and unsound economics Just can't withstand the wn'te- heat of honest facts.
Any salesman could demonstrate that such philosophers are liars and their products Inferior. The Time Is Now Back in 1835 Count de c- qucvllle said: "Democracy extends the sphere of individual freedom socialism restricts It. democracy attaches all posoiblo value to each man; socialism. makes each man an agent. Democracy and socialism have ing In common except one word, But notice the difference; while democracy seeks equality in liberty, socialism seeks equality in restriant." Any psychologist will tell you that zesraint and frustraion go hand in hand.
When'men are restrained, their behavior becomes irresponsible, their characters become w.eak. The American system of Free Enterprise enables to be aggressive, to told their heads high, to struggle and through Individual initiative, become responsible, productive, and happy citizens. Our workers are not to biume for their actions when we do not give them the economic facu; of life. We shall have to spend millions on constructive advertising and promotional material to teach the plain economic facts Of Free Enterprise. This means educating the Press and Radio, campaigns in house organs ar.d over public address It means platform appearances In schools and colleges.
It mtanr, writing simply and distributing widely corporation statements, and a dozen and one similar job? for a full fledged public lions staff. It means telling lae (Continued on Page Seven).
